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30 January 2025: PIB Summary For UPSC

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Travel of magnetic pole from Canada to Siberia, disallows deeper dive of particles

(Source – https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=2097391&reg=3&lang=1 )

Topic: GS3 – Science and Technology
Context
  • The Earth’s north magnetic pole has been moving from Canada to Siberia, affecting how charged particles behave in space.
Everything You Need To Know About 30 January 2025: Pib Summary For Upsc

Movement of  Earth’s north magnetic pole:

  • Charged particles, like protons and electrons, create the Northern lights and are influenced by the Earth’s magnetic field.
  • Scientists studied how this shift in the magnetic pole changed the altitude of these particles over time.
  • In 1900, the magnetic field near Canada was stronger, and particles stayed at higher altitudes.
  • By 2020, as the pole moved toward Siberia, the magnetic field in that region grew stronger, causing particles to reach altitudes that were 400 to 1200 kilometers higher.
  • This shift affects satellites that orbit near the poles, as charged particles can cause drag, a force that slows them down.
  • The particles can also heat the atmosphere, changing its density and affecting the paths of satellites.
  • The change in the Earth’s magnetic field is important for understanding space weather and protecting our satellites from possible damage.
  • By studying these changes, scientists can better predict space weather and safeguard technology in space.
Reason for movement of earth’s north magnetic pole:
  • The movement of Earth’s north magnetic pole is mainly caused by changes in the Earth’s core.
  • The Earth’s core is made of molten iron and nickel, which moves and generates the planet’s magnetic field.
  • The flow of liquid metals in the outer core creates electric currents, which produce magnetic fields.
  • These movements in the core are not uniform, which can cause the magnetic pole to shift.
  • The movement is influenced by the way the molten metals move, which is still not completely understood.
  • Over time, these changes cause the magnetic pole to drift from one location to another.

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