What WHO’s recommendation for low sodium salt means for India
(Source – The Hindu, International Edition – Page No. – 7)
| Topic: GS2 – Social Justice – Health |
| Context |
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Historical Role of Salt in Public Health
- Salt was introduced in India in the 1950s with iodine fortification, successfully combating iodine deficiency.
- This helped prevent hypothyroidism and other health issues, improving public health over generations.
| WHO’s New Guidelines on Low-Sodium Salt Substitutes (LSSS) |
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Impact of Salt on the Human Body
- Sodium retains water in the body, increasing blood volume and pressure.
- Reducing salt lowers blood pressure, reducing the risk of heart disease and strokes.
- Hypertension contributes to atherosclerosis, vascular stiffness, and cardiovascular diseases.
- Potassium helps improve vascular function, reducing arterial stiffness.
Global and Indian Health Concerns
- High sodium intake is responsible for 1.9 million deaths globally each year.
- Studies show that reducing salt intake by 4.4g/day lowers systolic blood pressure by 4mmHg and diastolic pressure by 2mmHg.
Initiatives to Reduce Salt Intake
- Sapiens Health Foundation has launched the ‘Losalter Group’ to raise awareness and train physicians.
- Experts suggest that reducing salt intake requires action from individuals, the government, and the food industry.
Challenges in Implementing Low-Sodium Salt Alternatives
- Low-sodium salt options are costlier than regular salt, making them less accessible.
- Experts suggest government intervention to regulate pricing and ensure proper display of these alternatives in stores.
Concerns About Potassium-Based Substitutes
- Potassium-enriched salts are beneficial but may be harmful to people with kidney diseases.
- Experts warn about the risk of hyperkalemia (high potassium levels) due to undiagnosed kidney issues in India.
Conclusion
- Reducing sodium intake is essential for combating hypertension, heart disease, and stroke in India.
- Government policies, industry cooperation, and public awareness are key to promoting low-sodium salt alternatives while ensuring safety for all.
| Practice Question: Discuss the health implications of high sodium intake in India and evaluate the feasibility of implementing low-sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) as recommended by the WHO. (150 Words /10 marks) |
