U.S. puts India back on IPR watch list.

(Source – Page 12, The Hindu International Edition (April 30, 2025)

What is the Priority Watch List?

• Published under the Special 301 Report by the USTR, this list identifies countries that fail to protect IPR adequately or deny fair access to U.S. entities.
• Being on the list may lead to bilateral pressure or even trade sanctions.

Why India was Re-listed:

• Allegations of inadequate enforcement of IPR laws, especially in:
  • Pharmaceutical patents (evergreening restrictions)
  • Copyrights and piracy, particularly digital
  • Counterfeit products in electronics and FMCG
• Patent delays and complex processes also cited.

India’s Stand:

• India maintains a TRIPS-compliant IPR regime, balancing:
  • Public health needs (as in Section 3(d) of the Indian Patents Act)
  • Affordable access to medicines
  • Encouragement of local innovation and MSMEs
• India has consistently opposed unilateral reviews by USTR.

Strategic and Economic Implications:

• Bilateral tension in trade negotiations, especially as India–U.S. discuss trade and technology frameworks.
• Multilateral image impact as India eyes higher stakes in WTO, QUAD, IPEF, etc.
• May impact FDI in innovation sectors like biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and IT.

Why it is important?

• Brings out conflict between global IPR regimes vs. national development objectives
• Highlights India’s approach to global norms, emphasizing equity and access over pure commercial interests

Way Forward:

• Streamlining patent processes without compromising public health.
• Boosting IPR enforcement at the grassroots (e.g., local police training).
• Continuing bilateral dialogues while reinforcing India’s TRIPS-compliant stance.
• Promoting awareness about IP creation and protection, especially in MSME and startup sectors.