31 December 2024 : Indian Express Editorial Analysis

1. In the name of democracy

(Source – Indian Express, Section -The Editorial Page – Page No. – 10)

Topic: GS2 – Governance

Context

The article explores the resilience and challenges of global democracy in 2024, marked by widespread anti-incumbency, voter disillusionment, and declining standards in governance and discourse.

The High Tide of Democracy and Its Challenges in 2024

• The year 2024 marked a significant moment for global democracy, juxtaposing its expansive participation with evident systemic challenges.
• While nearly half the global population had the opportunity to vote in pivotal elections across countries such as India, the United States, and South Korea, the outcomes highlighted both the resilience and fragility of democratic processes.
• This period also saw an overlap of democratic turbulence with the intensifying climate crisis, underscoring the complexity of governance in contemporary times.

Anti-Incumbency and Electoral Trends

• A notable feature of 2024’s elections was the widespread rejection of incumbent parties.
• For the first time since universal suffrage began in 1894, over 80% of incumbents lost support compared to previous elections.
• This global shift spanned diverse political landscapes, from the rightward swing in the US to the leftward turn in the UK and the ousting of long-dominant parties in Botswana and other nations.
• The phenomenon of anti-incumbency was not confined to specific ideologies, as opposition parties of varied orientations gained ground.
• This trend suggests a growing voter discontent with governance, although it remains unclear whether these changes signal a broader pattern or are merely episodic.

Disenchantment with Democracy

• Despite the electoral enthusiasm, dissatisfaction with democracy as a system loomed large.
• Surveys by PEW and IDEA in 2024 revealed significant disillusionment among citizens worldwide.
• Many felt disconnected from political institutions and leaders, perceiving a lack of representation and influence.
• Declining standards in credible elections, parliamentary effectiveness, and freedom of expression further compounded the sense of disillusionment.
• These findings raise critical concerns about the sustainability of democratic systems and their ability to adapt to evolving societal expectations.

Governance Deficits and the Erosion of Faith

• The inability of democratic regimes to address economic challenges, corruption, and inefficiency has eroded public trust.
• Many voters, once staunch supporters of democratic ideals, appear subdued in their faith due to unmet aspirations and systemic inadequacies.
• The reliance of political parties on short-term populist measures, rather than long-term developmental strategies, has further aggravated this disenchantment.
• Unless leaders prioritize governance that aligns with citizens’ aspirations, democracy risks losing its appeal to alternatives that may compromise fundamental liberties.

The Decline of Decency in Political Discourse

• The 2024 elections also exposed a troubling decline in the quality of public discourse.
• Campaigns across various democracies were marred by coarse language, divisive rhetoric, and unsubstantiated claims.
• From communal slurs in India to derogatory remarks in the US, political narratives often veered into the realm of hate speech and personal attacks.
• Such rhetoric not only tarnishes the democratic process but also undermines the principles of respect and integrity that are foundational to representative governance.

Electoral Credibility and Hope Amid Challenges

• While the quality of elections worsened in many countries, and instances of disputing electoral outcomes increased, the democratic process continued to hold promise.
• The loss of incumbents reflects a willingness among voters to seek alternatives, signaling hope for renewal and reform.
• However, democracy’s survival depends on how political leaders respond to these dynamics. Elections, akin to the toss of a coin, are merely the starting point.
• Success lies in governing effectively and inclusively, recognizing that democracy thrives on the availability of choices and the preservation of civic trust.

The Path Forward for Democracy

• For democracy to endure and flourish, political systems must evolve to meet the challenges of the 21st century.
• Leaders must restore faith in governance by prioritizing transparency, accountability, and inclusive development.
• Equally critical is fostering a culture of respect and decency in public discourse.
• If democratic institutions fail to address these concerns, the allure of seemingly efficient but less democratic alternatives could grow stronger.
• The elections of 2024 serve as both a cautionary tale and a testament to democracy’s resilience, emphasizing the need for sustained effort to uphold its ideals.

Global State of Democracy Report

The Global State of Democracy Report is an annual publication by the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA). It provides an in-depth analysis of global and regional trends in democracy, focusing on its strengths, challenges, and areas of decline. The report assesses key indicators such as electoral processes, political participation, fundamental rights, rule of law, and effective governance.

Practice Question:  2024 witnessed a significant decline in the credibility of democratic institutions and processes globally. Analyze the factors contributing to these trends and suggest measures to strengthen the resilience of democratic systems (150 Words /10 marks)

 

For more such UPSC related Current Affairs, Check Out: 30 December 2024 : Indian Express Editorial Analysis