01 May 2025 : Daily Answer Writing
Q1) The reduction in snow levels across the Hindu Kush Himalaya region is increasingly alarming, with significant implications for water and climate security. Discuss the effects of diminishing snow cover on water availability and biodiversity. Propose adaptation measures to address these challenges.
Answer:
The Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region, often referred to as the “Third Pole” due to its immense ice reserves, contains the largest volume of snow and glaciers outside the polar areas. According to a 2025 report by the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), the snow cover in the HKH has dropped to a historic low of 23.6% during the winter of 2024–25. This unprecedented decline has raised serious concerns about the region’s water and ecological security.
Impacts of Declining Snow Cover
Water Availability:
Earlier snowmelt caused by reduced snowfall affects seasonal water flows, leading to reduced spring and summer water availability. This threatens the water security of over two billion people who depend on rivers originating in the HKH.
Alteration of River Systems:
Shrinking glaciers and snow cover are causing drastic changes in river flow patterns — affecting water volume, flow intensity, and the river course. These changes severely impact downstream ecosystems, soil health, forest cover, and human activities dependent on stable water flow.
Threats to Agriculture:
Snowfall ensures water availability for both rabi and kharif crops. Reduced snow cover can worsen drought risks and contribute to crop failures, directly affecting food security and farmer livelihoods.
Energy Security Concerns:
Hydropower generation, a key component of India’s renewable energy plans, is also at risk. Variability in streamflow can disrupt existing hydroelectric projects and delay upcoming ones, weakening long-term energy resilience.
Adaptation Strategies
1. Integrated Water Management and Drought Preparedness:
Efficient allocation of water, minimization of wastage, promotion of reuse, and installation of early warning systems can mitigate water stress.
2. Basin-Specific Action Plans:
Different river basins experience varied levels of snow persistence. Localized, targeted adaptation strategies can improve resilience and effectiveness.
3. National-Level Strategic Planning:
Policies must regulate economic activity across the Himalayan region, including sustainable infrastructure and urban planning. Agricultural systems need a transition towards climate-resilient crops, while hybrid energy systems like micro-hydro-solar plants should be promoted for decentralized energy access.
Conclusion
Snow cover is a critical, yet poorly understood, component of the HKH ecosystem. Its decline has cascading impacts on biodiversity, agriculture, and human security. Scientific studies like those from ICIMOD are vital for informed policymaking and urgent climate action. A coordinated, multi-level response is essential to mitigate the risks and safeguard water and ecological security in the region.
Read More – 30 April 2025 : Daily Answer Writing
