Citizenship can be defined as the legal status of membership in a political community. It is about the relationship between the state and its members and citizen-citizen relations. Concept of Citizenship Citizenship and Rights in Indian Constitution With the commencement of the Constitution on 26th January 1950, the status of Indians changed from British subjects…
Preamble Notes for UPSC The Preamble of the Indian Constitution is a brief introductory statement that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives of the Constitution. Therefore, Eminent Jurist Nani Palkhiwala called Preamble as “Identity Card of the Constitution”. The Preamble’s function is to define who the Constitution is for, the sanction, the direction, the character of…
Editor’s Note: A student can choose to skip this Article, and it can be revisited once the syllabus till the Governor is complete. At that point, one should be better equipped to understand this Article and compare the Indian Constitution with all the other constitutions of the world. Sources of Indian Constitution The Sources of…
Evolution of Indian Constitution – Historical Underpinnings Indian constitution came into force on 26th January 1950 after almost three years of hard work by the Constituent Assembly of India. However, the constituent assembly itself did not make it completely fresh. It took the best of the principles and ideas of the world and the already…
Constitution is a document or set of documents that lays down basic set of rules for the establishment of a state and its governance and is legally enforceable. A modern state is virtually impossible to be run without such basic sets of rules that defines the powers, responsibilities and limits of the ruling class. Any…
Industrial Infrastructure Infrastructure is the set of provisions that serve a country, city, or other area. It encompasses the services and facilities necessary for its economy, households, and firms. In a similar sense, industrial infrastructure is the set of provisions that are needed to serve the needs of the manufacturing sector. These may include public infrastructure,…
![What Is Social Infrastructure: Meaning, Importance & Challenges [Upsc Notes]](https://www.99notes.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/social-infrastructure-99notes-upsc-1-768x512.webp "What Is Social Infrastructure: Meaning, Importance &Amp; Challenges [Upsc Notes] | Updated August 17, 2025")
What is Social Infrastructure? Meaning of Social Infrastructure is to creating and maintaining facilities and structures that support the delivery of social services, which are essential for social development and, thereby, the overall development of a country. Social Infrastructure is the set of organizational arrangements and investments in society’s systems, relationships, and structures that enable us…
Mughal Economy The Indian economy was strong till the Mughal times. By 1700, India’s share of world GDP was 24%, the largest in the world, larger than any other region. India, then, was producing about 25% of the world’s industrial output up until the 18th century. Agriculture During the Mughals, large tracts of land were…
Housing Sector in India The housing industry is one of the pillars of the economic foundations of our country and one of the fastest-growing sectors. For our understanding in the context of policymaking and the UPSC syllabus, we shall classify the housing sector into three categories: Affordable Housing Rural Housing Urban Housing AFFORDABLE HOUSING and…
Introduction to Digital Infrastructure: Significance of Digital Infrastructure: In modern economies, digital infrastructure has emerged as an equally or arguably more significant necessity than traditional infrastructure necessities such as power, water, and roads. With the government’s increasing push towards digital governance, digital economies, and online service delivery – the development of digital infrastructure such as…
