11-July-2025 Daily Answer Writing
Q1) Critically examine the effectiveness of the Public Interest Litigation (PIL) mechanism in ensuring judicial accountability in India.
(GS Paper 2, 15 Marks, 250 Words)
Answer:
Introduction:
- The Emergency of 1975, declared under Article 352 by then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, suspended civil liberties, curtailed press freedom, and centralized power.
- It remains a pivotal episode in India’s democratic history, offering enduring lessons on safeguarding constitutional values.
Importance of Constitutional Checks and Balances:
- Judicial Independence: The judiciary’s weak response during the Emergency (ADM Jabalpur case) underscores the need for a fearless and autonomous judiciary.
- Federal Safeguards: The unilateral use of Article 356 revealed the risk of over-centralization, highlighting the importance of robust federalism.
Civil Liberties and Media Freedom
- Fundamental Rights Vigilance: The suspension of Articles 14, 21, and 19 revealed how easily freedoms can be revoked.
- Press Freedom: Media censorship exposed vulnerabilities; today, a vigilant press is essential for democratic accountability.
Role of Institutions and Civil Society
- Resilient Institutions: Institutions must be strong and impartial to resist authoritarian impulses.
- Civil Society Participation: The revival of democratic processes post-Emergency showed the power of public resistance and electoral democracy.
Contemporary Relevance
- Surveillance and Dissent: Contemporary concerns over digital surveillance and curbs on dissent echo Emergency-era suppression.
- Legal Safeguards: The post-Emergency 44th Amendment made the right to life non-suspendable, reflecting constitutional learning.
Conclusion:
- The Emergency serves as a cautionary tale.
- A vigilant citizenry, empowered institutions, and commitment to constitutional values are essential to prevent democratic backsliding in today’s India.
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