It aims to empower citizens by making public institutions more transparent, efficient, and accountable. The Charter acts as a tool for ensuring that citizens know their entitlements and can demand timely and quality services from the government. Introduced in India in 1997 as part of the administrative reforms, the Citizen’s Charter seeks to make governance…
Transparency and accountability are the cornerstones of good governance, ensuring that government institutions function efficiently, ethically, and in the best interest of citizens. Transparency refers to open access to government decisions, policies, and data, allowing citizens to scrutinize public actions. Accountability ensures that public officials, policymakers, and institutions are answerable for their decisions and can…
The Right to Information (RTI) Act, 2005, empowers Indian citizens to seek information from public authorities, promoting transparency and accountability in governance. It mandates timely disclosure of government records, making it a powerful tool to curb corruption and enhance public trust. The law applies to all levels of government, including central, state, and local bodies,…
Governance is the foundation of a well-functioning state, ensuring effective decision-making, policy implementation, and citizen participation. Unlike mere administration, governance is a dynamic process that involves multiple stakeholders, including the government, private sector, and civil society. In India, governance has evolved from ancient times, shaped by historical, political, and economic changes. Modern governance emphasizes transparency,…
Global efforts for disaster management emerged as the world recognized the need for sustainable development. The 1972 Stockholm Conference was one of the first international discussions on environmental issues, linking development with disaster resilience. The Brundtland Report (1987) emphasized sustainable development, highlighting the need for risk reduction in disasters. However, the first focused effort towards…
It is the sovereign responsibility of the state to protect the citizens from disasters. In the Indian federal system, the responsibility for disaster management is that of the state government. The central government mainly works for the coordination of disaster management efforts. When calamities of a severe nature occur, the centre is responsible for providing…
A Disaster is an undesirable occurrence resulting from forces that are largely outside human control, strike quickly with little or no warning, and cause or threaten serious disruption of life and property including death and injury to a large number of people. It therefore requires the mobilisation of efforts over that which are normally provided…
(Source – Indian Express, Section – Explained, Page – 14) Topic: GS3 – Indian Economy Context A prolonged and intense El Niño from 2023 to 2024 disrupted India’s weather patterns, leading to poor crop yields, high food inflation, and reduced consumer spending. Analysis of the news: Unusual Ocean Warming and Weather Anomalies The 2023–24 El…
In this chapter, we aim to study all types of mass movements which are hazardous to human life and livelihood. These include landslides, Avalanches, rockfalls, Mud-flow and earth flows. We have already read these topics in our Geography textbook. Let’s study these from the Disaster point of view. Mass Movements The term Mass Movement refers…
Qualitatively, a heat wave is a condition of air temperature that becomes fatal to the human body when exposed. This generally comes as a heatstroke. What is a heatstroke? When heat overwhelms our body’s ability to manage its temperature it is known as Heatstroke. It is a severe illness that results when the body temperature…
