Delhi-NCR Wakes Up to Thick Haze
Delhi-NCR Wakes Up to Thick Haze
(Source: Page 5, The Indian Express)
| Topic: GS3 – Environment, GS2 – Governance and Policy Implementation |
| Context |
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Background:
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Delhi’s air quality index (AQI) frequently crosses hazardous levels, driven by vehicular emissions, industrial pollution, construction dust, and seasonal crop burning in Punjab and Haryana. The haze in May 2025 indicates year-round pollution, beyond the usual winter smog.
Key Developments:
- Current Situation: Thick haze reduces visibility and poses health risks, with PM2.5 and PM10 levels likely exceeding WHO guidelines.
- Policy Context: Measures like the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP), odd-even schemes, and stubble-burning bans have been implemented, but enforcement remains weak.
- Public Health: Rising cases of respiratory illnesses, especially among children and the elderly, underscore the urgency of action.
Sources of Pollution:
- Stubble burning contributes ~30% to Delhi’s winter pollution.
- Vehicular emissions and construction dust dominate year-round.
Policy Framework:
- National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) targets 20-30% reduction in PM levels by 2024 (extended deadlines likely).
- Challenges in inter-state coordination and funding.
Analysis:
- Structural Challenges: Delhi’s pollution is a regional issue, requiring coordination among Delhi, Haryana, Punjab, and Uttar Pradesh governments.
- Economic Costs: Air pollution costs India ~$95 billion annually (3% of GDP), with Delhi-NCR bearing a significant share due to lost productivity and healthcare expenses.
- Policy Gaps: Inconsistent enforcement, lack of farmer incentives to curb stubble burning, and reliance on fossil fuels hinder progress.
- Long-Term Relevance: Air pollution will remain a critical issue as urbanization and climate change exacerbate environmental degradation.
Conclusion/Way Forward
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A multi-pronged approach is needed, including stricter enforcement of GRAP, subsidies for mechanized stubble management, and promotion of electric vehicles. Regional cooperation via the Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) must be strengthened. Public awareness and green urban planning (e.g., urban forests) can complement policy efforts.
| Practice Question: “Delhi’s persistent air pollution crisis reflects governance and regional coordination failures.” Critically evaluate the measures taken to address air pollution in Delhi-NCR and suggest a comprehensive strategy to achieve sustainable air quality improvements. (250 words, 15 marks) |
