Development without the savaging of urban biodiversity

(Source: Page 6, The Hindu Delhi Edition)

Topic: GS Paper 3 – Environment, Urbanization, Biodiversity

Context

On the International Day for Biological Diversity (May 22), this editorial emphasizes the urgent need to integrate biodiversity in urban planning to combat environmental degradation and climate challenges.

Urban biodiversity’s importance

• Urban green spaces offer health, ecological, and economic benefits.

• Urban trees reduce pollution, heat island effect, and improve mental health. Example: Frankfurt green belts lowered temp by 3.5°C.

Challenges in Indian cities

• Forest cover in cities like Chennai (4.66%), Ahmedabad (3.27%) is declining.

• Urban sprawl, loss of home gardens, and waterbody pollution contribute to biodiversity loss. Example: Chennai’s Pallikaranai marsh degradation.

Solutions suggested

• Implement GBF goals (30% urban biodiversity conserved by 2030).

• Apply UN Habitat’s “3-30-300” rule: 3 trees per home view, 30% canopy, green space within 300 m.

• Legal protection for lakes, ecological restoration using models like Koyambedu Forest (Chennai).

• Citizen and civic body participation in tree planting, wetland restoration, rooftop gardens.

Conclusion/Way Forward
Urban biodiversity must become a mainstream agenda in India’s development plans. Biodiversity-linked urban planning is key for long-term sustainability and human well-being.

---

Practice Question: “Discuss the role of urban biodiversity in sustainable urban development. What institutional and community-based strategies can be adopted to integrate ecological considerations into urban planning? (250 words / 15 marks)”

Read more – Shillong Road to Join Myanmar Project