The Harappan civilisation has not been documented in either Indian or foreign ancient texts. It was a largely forgotten civilisation that was discovered by the British in the 19th Century. In 1829, Masson visited Punjab to gather useful intelligence for the East India Company. He was an enthusiast of Alexander’s military campaigns and chose to…
Chandrayaan Programme, also known as the Indian Lunar Exploration Programme, is an ongoing series of missions to the Moon to unravel the mysteries of the Moon and contribute to the understanding of the international space community in terms of lunar geology, atmosphere, and resources. There have been 3 such missions involving orbiters, Landers, Rovers and…
Aditya-L1 is the first space-based observatory-class Indian solar mission to study the Sun. The spacecraft will be positioned in a halo orbit around the Sun-Earth system’s Lagrangian point-1 (L1), about 1.5 million km from the Earth. Launched aboard the PSLV-XL launch vehicle on 2 September 2023, the spacecraft would take 125 days to reach its…
HADR are the exercises that Indian armed forces and Disaster response forces conduct to rescue civilians or demonstrate the capacity to conduct such operations. The Ministry of Home Affairs generally coordinates these with the Ministry of Defense. Practice HADR Exercises for Disaster Preparedness in India: ‘Samanvay 2022: It is an annual Joint Humanitarian Assistance and…
What is a Military Exercise? It is a military operation that aims to demonstrate operational capabilities and preparedness. The objective of military exercises can vary. It can be to show: Disaster Response Preparedness. Preparedness against terrorist attacks. Preparedness against the military threat. To demonstrate coordination and interoperability between various armed forces. Domestic exercises are those…
How to choose an Optional Subject The Mains part of the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) Civil Services Examination decides the actual rank of a candidate and therefore is the most significant aspect of the examination. Even after clearing UPSC CSE Prelims multiple times, candidates find it difficult to secure a rank. The selection of…
Which optional subject has a higher chance of Success in UPSC Mains? Selection of an optional subject is an investment of valuable time and effort. Like each investment, it should be a good analytical exercise to note the potential returns. Every year, the number of candidates who appear for the written examinations in the Mains…
