general studies 1

Revolutionary Nationalism 2.0 Revolutionary Nationalism 2.0 in India marks a pivotal shift towards radical methods of freedom struggle , optimized by icons like Ashfaqulla Khan, Roshan Singh Ramprasad Bismil, & Bhagat Singh. This era, infused with the spirit of sacrifice and direct action, drew form global revolutionary ideologies to challenge British Colonialism. The non-cooperation movement…

The First Phase of the Revolutionary Movement in India (1907-17) With the decline of the mass phase of the Swadeshi movement and the lack of political activity, a new kind of political action emerged in the national movement. In this aspect, the highly motivated youth adopted the following methods: They adopted revolutionary activities as the…

National Movements in Princely States National movements in princely states of British India were the crucial phase of the country’s fight for independence. These states, which were nominally governed by India Princes under British suzerainty, presented unique challenges for nationalist activism. The movement aimed for political rights and self- governance inspired by the broader Indian…

The Emergence of Gandhi The emergence of Gandhi in the Indian National movement is known for the beginning of the mass mobilisation phase. Before he arrived in India in 1915, he was in South Africa from 1893 to 1915, where his experiences made him take up the fight against colonialism. Gandhi ji developed his philosophy…

Home Rule Movement The Home Rule Movement, initiated by leader’s Annie Besant and Bal Gangadhar Tilak in 1916, Marked a significant phase in India’s independence struggle. It aimed at achieving self-governance within the British Empire through constitutional means, energizing the nationalistic fervor across the country and laying the groundwork for future protests against British rule….

Socio Religious Reform Movements The colonization of India by the British during the 18th and 19th centuries exposed some serious weaknesses and drawbacks of Indian social institutions. Consequently, several individual Socio Religious Reform movements sought to bring about changes in social and religious practices to reform and revitalize society. They were impressed by modern science,…

Swadeshi Movement (1905) The Swadeshi movement spread as a reaction to Curzon’s reactionary policies and, more importantly, his policy of the Bengal partition. It is called Swadeshi as the movement emphasised the Boycott of foreign-made clothes and goods such as sugar, salt, government schools and colleges and other government services. The Swadeshi movement saw two…

Non Cooperation Movement & Khilafat Movement Intro: The Non Cooperation movement, launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920, was a significant phase in the Indian struggle for independence. Aimed at securing Swaraj or self-rule, it called for Indians to not give support for British institutions, boycott foreign goods, and adopt self-reliance. This mass protest against the…