“Poverty is the condition where an individual or group lacks the basic resources and income to meet their essential needs for a minimum standard of living.” Poverty is a global challenge affecting billions of people. It is manifested as deprivation of basic needs such as food, clean water, shelter, education and healthcare which deprives a…
A sexual minority is a group whose sexual identity, orientation or practices differ from the majority of the surrounding society. Primarily used to refer to lesbian, gay, bisexual, or non-heterosexual individuals, it can also refer to transgender, non-binary (including third gender) or intersex individuals. LGBTQIA+ Community The term LGBT stands for Lesbian, Gay, bisexual, and Transgender….
According to Census 2011, approximately 2.21% of India’s population—around 2.68 crore people—live with some form of disability. These include impairments related to seeing, hearing, speech, movement, mental illness, and multiple disabilities. Definition of a Person with Disability (PwD) Animpairment is a problem in body function or structure; An activity limitation is a difficulty encountered by an individual in…
Tribes constitute about 8% of India’s population and are often located in remote, forested, or hilly areas, largely remaining outside the mainstream socio-economic framework. Colonization, industrialization, and mainstream development have marginalised them. Recognizing that modern India has deep tribal roots calls for respect, protection, and empowerment of these communities in the national framework. To address…
“Social empowerment is not a luxury, it is a necessity for a thriving and inclusive society.” Social empowerment refers to the process of enabling indMarginalisation and Empowermentividuals and communities, especially the marginalised, to participate fully in social, economic, and political life. Marginalisation occurs when certain groups—such as Dalits, Adivasis, women, minorities, and persons with disabilities—are…
“India is a land where religious tolerance is a way of life, where diverse traditions live side by side in peace and prosperity.” — Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Indian society is one of the oldest, most diverse and complex social systems in the world, characterized by its rich cultural heritage, deep-rooted traditions and evolving modern…
Diversity refers to the presence and coexistence of different elements, characteristics and identities within a particular system, community or society. It encompasses various dimensions, including cultural, social, linguistic, religious, ethnic, economic and gender diversity, creating a vibrant and dynamic environment. Diversity is essential for fostering inclusivity, tolerance and mutual respect among different groups, allowing for…
In nature, land exists as forests, deserts, wetlands or waterbodies (including glaciers), as we have learnt in the Physical Geography book. Humans put this land to a variety of uses. In this chapter, we are going to see how the land is used in India. We are not much concerned about the world in this…
Migration refers to the movement of people from one place to another. It can occur within a country (internal migration) or between countries (international migration). Migration can happen for many reasons, including economic opportunities, escaping conflict or improving living conditions. The two main concepts that define migration in terms of countries are immigration and emigration,…
India’s population policy has been integral to its development strategy, focusing on stabilizing population growth, improving health, and empowering individuals, especially women, through family planning. Initiated with the world’s first National Family Planning Program in 1952, the policy has evolved to address changing demographic and socio-economic needs. It aims to slow population growth, enhance health…
