Q1) In a democratic society, individual rights and freedoms are always balanced against the larger interests of society and the state. To what extent do the constitutional restrictions on fundamental rights strike a balance between individual liberty and societal interests? What factors are considered in evaluating the reasonableness of such restrictions? Refer to the case…
Q1) “The Indian Constitution is not a mere lawyer’s document, it is a vehicle of life, and its spirit is always the spirit of the age.” How has the constitution of India adapted to changing socio-economic and political circumstances over the decades? (250 Words/ 15 Marks) ANSWER The dynamic nature of the Indian Constitution has…
Q1) “Fraternity means a sense of brotherhood of all Indians – a feeling of oneness and commonness – despite the diversities of caste, creed, language or religion.” Discuss the significance of the concept of fraternity in the Indian Constitution. How do the various constitutional provisions promote fraternity among all citizens? (250 Words/15 Marks) ANSWER Establishing…
Q1) “Judicial activism is an effective way to promote democratic values and social justice, especially when the other two branches of the government fail to act.” Critically examine. (250 Words/15 Marks) ANSWER Judicial activism is a judicial philosophy which prescribes that Courts can go beyond the strict separation of powers in the protection of the…
Q1) “The Indian Independence Act 1947 changed the existing constitutional position, root and branch.” Discuss the changes introduced by the Indian Independence Act 1947 and the immediate challenges that emerged as a result. (250 Words/15 Marks) ANSWER The Indian Independence Act, 1947, a legislation of the British Parliament, created two new dominions viz. India, and…
Q1) What is the process for amending the Constitution of India? Discuss the significance of the Kesavananda Bharati case in relation to the power of Parliament to amend the Constitution. (250 Words/15 Marks) ANSWER The constitution of India is structured with a mixture of flexible and rigid features. Many of its parts can be changed…
Q1) The issues of local self-governance are primarily the issues of autonomy, authority, and accountability. Analyze. (250 Words/ 15 Marks) ANSWER Local bodies are institutions of self-governance at local level, set up by 73rd and 74th Amendments to the constitution to strengthen grass root participatory democracy. Called as the third tier of democracy, they are…
Q1) Explain the primary lines of evidence supporting the theory of continental drift. How did it contribute to expanding our understanding of Earth’s history. Also discuss the limitations of continental drift theory. (250 Words/15 Marks) ANSWER Continental Drift Theory is a theory of geomorphology given by Alfred Wegner in 1920s to explain the formation of…
Q1) With the help of a map, show major ocean currents of the world. Explaining the factors driving the ocean currents, highlight their effects on human activities. (250 Words/15 Marks) ANSWER Ocean currents are continuous movement of oceanic water in a definite path and direction driven under the influence of wind, gravity, Coriolis force and…
Q1) “Water scarcity threatens economic and social gains and is a potent fuel for wars and conflict.” What are the political and natural challenges in access to freshwater resources in regions with shared international transboundary rivers? Elaborate upon the impact of access to freshwater for economic development and poverty reduction. (250 Words/15 Marks) ANSWER Water…
