![Maratha Empire: History, Rulers, War & Administration [Upsc Notes]](https://www.99notes.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/maratha-empire-featured-768x500.webp "Maratha Empire: History, Rulers, War &Amp; Administration [Upsc Notes] | Updated August 17, 2025")
Maratha Empire (1674 – 1818) The Maratha Empire, flourishing from the 17th to the 18th century was a strong and key force in Indian History, known for its strong military, innovative governance, and resilience against foreign invasions. The Maratha’s rise in the Deccan began in the early 17th century under the leadership of Shivaji. He…
Mughal Empire Babur, a Central Asian ruler descendant of the Turco-Mongol conqueror Timor, founded the Mughal Empire. He laid the foundation of the mighty Mughal Empire, which was consolidated by Akbar, and lasted for about two centuries. The Mughal Empire reached its zenith during Aurangzeb’s rule, after which its decline started, catalysed by its conflict with the…
Infrastructure Financing Infrastructure Financing refers to the set of mechanisms devised to Fund Infrastructure projects. Financing is the most critical aspect of infrastructure creation. Mechanisms of Infrastructure Financing There are various mechanisms used to finance Infrastructure: Government funding – Government often makes budgetary provisions for Infrastructure funding. The Department of Economic Affairs (DEA), under the…
Waterways Transport India is a land of rivers surrounded on three sides by ocean. It has around 7500 kilometres of coastline and 14,500 km of potentially navigable waterways. Moreover, it is strategically located on key international trade routes. This unique natural resource and strategic geographic location endow India with vast potential in trade. And most…
Logistics Sector in India Logistics refers to the overall process of acquiring, storing and transporting resources from their source to the destination. Logistic management refers to effectively managing all activities such as packaging, warehousing, transportation, inventory management, customs, tracking and tracing of packages, etc. The logistics sector acts as a lifeline for development in the…
Civil Aviation Sector in India Civil aviation infrastructure is one of the most complex infrastructure systems. It majorly comprises aircraft manufacturing, air traffic control, and airport. But it also includes cargo-handling facilities, telecommunications, navigation and surveillance facilities, tourism, repair and overhaul resources, avionics manufacturing, repair and design capabilities, and flight training facilities. Importance of Civil…
Infrastructure Infrastructure is the set of physical and organizational structures (e.g. roads, water supplies, hospitals) needed for the operation of an enterprise or the society as a whole. It comes from the French word ‘Infra’, which means below. This shows the literal significance of infrastructure which forms the basis of all enterprises in modern society….
Road and Highways Infrastructure Roadways are the most important mode of transport known to humans. Roads carry 64.5% of total goods and 90% of the passenger traffic in India. Out of all the roads in India, National highways hold around 2% of the total road network and carry 40% of total traffic. Acknowledging its importance,…
Renewable Energy Sources Renewable Energy sources are those sources of energy which are naturally replenished faster than the rate of their consumption. India’s massively growing energy requirements makes it pertinent for the country to look for renewable energy resources for its energy security and sustainable development targets. With this view, the government is rapidly pushing…
Non Renewable Energy Non-renewable energy is derived from natural sources that cannot be regenerated and readily replaced by natural means quickly to keep up with consumption. The non-renewable energy sources are – coal, natural gas, petroleum oils and others. Nuclear energy is also considered a non-renewable energy source because there is a limited uranium supply…
