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Why are antivenoms not easily accessible in India?

(Source – The Hindu, International Edition – Page No. – 11) Topic: GS2 – Social Justice – Health Context On New Year’s Day, a five-year-old girl in Karnataka died from a snakebite due to delays in antivenom treatment and unsafe conditions at her Anganwadi. India records an estimated 58,000 snakebite deaths annually, making it the…

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What do draft data protection rules state?

(Source – The Hindu, International Edition – Page No. – 4) Topic: GS2 – Governance Context On January 3, 2025, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology released the draft rules for the implementation of the Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023. Introduction to Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Draft Rules These rules were…

Geography As A Discipline
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Geography as a discipline

The term Geography is derived from two roots in the Greek language: ‘Geo’ (earth) and Graphos (description). More formally, Geography is generally defined as a relationship between the earth’s physical environments with humans. Scholars define geography as, “the description of the earth as the abode of human beings”. Did you Know? Eratosthenes, a Greek scholar (276-194…

Minerals And Rocks- Upsc Notes
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Minerals and Rocks- UPSC Notes

About 98% of the total crust of the earth is composed of eight elements oxygen, silicon, aluminium, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium and magnesium. The details of the table are given: S. No. Elements percentage 1. Oxygen 46.60 2. Silicon 27.72 3. Aluminium 8.13 4. Iron 5.00 5. Calcium 3.63 6. Sodium 2.83 7. Potassium 2.59…

Interior Of Earth- Upsc Notes
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Interior of Earth- UPSC Notes

Geologists and seismologists have been concerned about what constitutes the earth. Earth is not a homogeneous solid ball, it consists of different layers with different characteristics. Various processes in the earth’s interior affect the landforms, which indirectly affect people’s lives. Thus, we study the interior of earth as it helps in: Interior of Earth Sources…

Longitude And Latitude -Upsc Notes
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Longitude and Latitude -UPSC Notes

Longitude and Latitude are geographical coordinates on the Earth that determine the location of any place on the Earth. The latitudes and longitudes are angles that uniquely define points on the Earth. Both the Longitude and Latitude are measured in Degrees as they represent angular distances. Each degree is further divided into minutes (‘), i.e., (1…

Origin And Evolution Of Earth
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Origin and Evolution of Earth

In order to understand earth, which is the prime focus of Geography as a discipline, we must first understand the origin of Earth. However, to understand earth we must understand the origin of our solar system and the Universe in general. There are various theories which gave the basis for the origin of the Universe. …

Pollution- Upsc Notes
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Pollution- UPSC Notes

Pollution is defined as the accumulation of substances or forms of energy in an environment in quantities or at flow rates, which exceed an ecosystem’s capacity to either neutralise or disperse them to harmless levels. (RF Dasmann – 1975). What do the terms used in this definition mean? Pollution can happen through various mediums, such…

Global Warming- Upsc Notes
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Global Warming- UPSC Notes

Global warming refers to the rise in global temperatures since the 1880s (i.e. the preindustrial levels) that has led to changes in the weather patterns around the globe. In the history of its evolution over a period of 4.5 billion years, the Earth has witnessed several events of climate change, many of which have led…