Human Migration- Upsc Notes
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Human Migration- UPSC Notes

Human migration is the movement of people from one place to another, intending to settle, permanently or temporarily, at a new location (geographic region). The person who migrates is known as the Migrant. It has a big impact on the population growth of a region. It may be interpreted as a spontaneous effort to achieve a better…

Human Settlements- Upsc Notes
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Human Settlements- UPSC Notes

Human Settlements The human population is highly concentrated in the world. About 90% of the world’s population lives in just 10% of the area. 10 most populous countries contribute 60% to the world’s population. What affects the distribution of population around the earth? Let’s find out. The pattern of population distribution: About 90% of the…

Population- Upsc Notes
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Population- UPSC Notes

Understanding the patterns of population distribution is one of the key areas of study in Human geography. In this chapter, we shall study the basics of Population dynamics and then in the later chapters we shall study the impact of migration and settlement patterns of population. Density of Population:  The density of Population is the…

Geography As A Discipline
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Geography as a discipline

The term Geography is derived from two roots in the Greek language: ‘Geo’ (earth) and Graphos (description). More formally, Geography is generally defined as a relationship between the earth’s physical environments with humans. Scholars define geography as, “the description of the earth as the abode of human beings”. Did you Know? Eratosthenes, a Greek scholar (276-194…

Minerals And Rocks- Upsc Notes
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Minerals and Rocks- UPSC Notes

About 98% of the total crust of the earth is composed of eight elements oxygen, silicon, aluminium, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium and magnesium. The details of the table are given: S. No. Elements percentage 1. Oxygen 46.60 2. Silicon 27.72 3. Aluminium 8.13 4. Iron 5.00 5. Calcium 3.63 6. Sodium 2.83 7. Potassium 2.59…

Interior Of Earth- Upsc Notes
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Interior of Earth- UPSC Notes

Geologists and seismologists have been concerned about what constitutes the earth. Earth is not a homogeneous solid ball, it consists of different layers with different characteristics. Various processes in the earth’s interior affect the landforms, which indirectly affect people’s lives. Thus, we study the interior of earth as it helps in: Interior of Earth Sources…

Longitude And Latitude -Upsc Notes
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Longitude and Latitude -UPSC Notes

Longitude and Latitude are geographical coordinates on the Earth that determine the location of any place on the Earth. The latitudes and longitudes are angles that uniquely define points on the Earth. Both the Longitude and Latitude are measured in Degrees as they represent angular distances. Each degree is further divided into minutes (‘), i.e., (1…

Origin And Evolution Of Earth
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Origin and Evolution of Earth

In order to understand earth, which is the prime focus of Geography as a discipline, we must first understand the origin of Earth. However, to understand earth we must understand the origin of our solar system and the Universe in general. There are various theories which gave the basis for the origin of the Universe. …