23 July 2025: The Hindu Editorial

1.Parliament Process for Justice Varma’s Impeachment

Source –  Page 4, The Hindu Delhi Edition

Topic: GS Paper 2 – Indian Polity, Judiciary

Context

Initiation of impeachment proceedings against a high court judge in Parliament brings into focus judicial accountability and constitutional procedures

Constitutional Mechanism

• Impeachment of judges is provided under Articles 124(4) and 217 of the Constitution, requiring a special majority in Parliament.

• The process is intended to ensure judicial discipline and accountability, balancing independence with responsibility.

Relevance for UPSC

• Shows the checks and balances system in Indian democracy.

• Importance of the doctrine of separation of powers.

• Need for reforms in judicial accountability mechanisms as impeachments are rare and cumbersome.

Analysis & Way Forward

• Calls for revisiting the process to make it more transparent, time-bound, and effective without undermining judicial independence.

• Debates persist on whether judicial performance and conduct should be monitored through internal or external mechanisms.

Practice Question: “Discuss the constitutional process for the impeachment of a High Court judge. What are the challenges involved, and how can accountability be ensured while maintaining judicial independence?

2. FTA Negotiations and India’s Stand on Agriculture

Source -Page 6, The Hindu Delhi Edition

Topic: GS Paper 2 & 3 – International Relations, Economy

Context

Ongoing FTA talks between India and trading partners (USA, EU, Japan) see agriculture market access as a key sticking point.

Current Developments

• India has consistently opposed opening up the agriculture sector in FTA talks due to concerns over farmer livelihoods and food security.

• US and EU push for lower import barriers on agricultural products.

• India emphasizes protection of domestic agriculture while seeking access for services and IT sector (Global Capacity Centres).

Policy Analysis

• FTAs linked to sustainable agriculture, food self-sufficiency, and strategic interests.

• India’s reluctance is shaped by socio-economic and political sensitivities and the scale of agrarian employment.

• The World Bank and think-tanks highlight the need for balancing liberalization with safeguards for vulnerable sectors.

Way Forward

• Comprehensive impact assessment before entering binding FTA clauses.

• Gradual, phased reforms and targeted subsidies/support for small farmers during transition.

Practice Question: Examine India’s cautious stance on including agriculture in Free Trade Agreements. How can India balance its domestic priorities with international economic commitments?

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