23-July-2025 Daily Answer Writing

Early Constitutional Drafts and Ideologies

• Liberalism and Decentralization: The early drafts, such as those by Dadabhai Naoroji and M.G. Ranade, emphasized liberal values, individual rights, and decentralized governance, often inspired by Western models.
• Radical and Socialist Approaches: Proposals by M.N. Roy and left-leaning groups highlighted socialism, state ownership of resources, and economic democracy, seeking to address deep social inequalities.
• Gandhian Vision: Gandhi’s supporters pushed for village self-rule, local autonomy, and ethical governance rooted in India’s rural traditions, standing apart from both purely liberal and socialist frameworks.
• Debates on Federalism: Disagreements existed over the balance between a strong Centre and state autonomy, with some advocating a federal structure and others preferring a unitary state for national unity.

Impact on the Indian Constitution

• The final Constitution synthesized these diverse strands, enshrining democracy, secularism, social justice, and federalism.
• Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles drew from both liberal and socialist drafts, balancing individual freedoms with social welfare objectives.
• The rejection of extremes—such as exclusive socialism or village autonomy—reflected the desire for pragmatic, inclusive nation-building.

Conclusion

The Indian Constitution’s foundational principles arose from vigorous debates between contrasting constitutional drafts. By reconciling liberal, socialist, and Gandhian elements, India adopted a Constitution that was modern yet rooted in its pluralistic ethos, ensuring both unity and diversity.