Economic planning refers to a systematic and organized effort by the government to allocate resources, set production targets, and shape economic policies to achieve specific national goals such as economic growth, social justice, and poverty reduction. In a newly independent nation like India, economic planning was essential to overcome colonial economic underdevelopment and create a…

Federalism is defined as a political structure where power is constitutionally divided between the central government and regional governments, with each level having distinct responsibilities and authority. The significance of federalism lies in balancing national unity with regional diversity, ensuring better governance, and preventing the concentration of power. Significance of Federalism India’s three-tier government structure…

At the time of India’s independence in 1947, the newly formed nation inherited a fragmented administrative structure consisting of British provinces and princely states. These divisions were largely arbitrary and did not reflect the linguistic, cultural, or ethnic identities of the people. The demand for reorganising states was rooted in the aspiration to create administrative…

India’s transition to democracy post-independence marked a significant political experiment in the world’s history. After gaining independence from British rule on August 15, 1947, India faced the daunting task of establishing a stable political system in a socially and culturally diverse country. The process of nation-building was deeply linked with the adoption of a democratic…

Indian unification in the post-independence context refers to the complex process of politically, territorially, and socially integrating the newly independent and diverse Indian state. When India gained independence on August 15, 1947, it faced immense challenges in consolidating a nation marked by deep linguistic, religious, and regional diversity. The unification process involved merging over 560…

India’s struggle for independence was marked by decades of resistance against British colonial rule. The Revolt of 1857 is considered the first significant uprising against British rule, followed by a series of movements led by the Indian National Congress (INC), including the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–22), Civil Disobedience Movement (1930–34), and Quit India Movement (1942). Leaders…