1.The Pahalgam abyss (Source – Indian Express, Section – The Editorial Page – Page No. – 10) Topic: GS3 – Internal Security GS2 – International Relations Context A terrorist attack in Pahalgam targeting tourists based on their religion resulted in over two dozen deaths, highlighting the persistent threat of cross-border terrorism and its far-reaching political…
Q1) What is the Blue Revolution? What are the significant hurdles in aquaculture development, and what comprehensive strategies can be implemented to address them? (15 marks, 250 words) ANSWER The Blue Revolution refers to the rapid growth and scientific management of the fisheries and aquaculture sector, launched during India’s 7th Five-Year Plan (1985–1990). Known as…
1. Is World Trade Organization still relevant? (Source – Editorial, Page 9, The Hindu, 25 April 2025) Topic: GS2 – International Institutions, GS3 – Globalization, Trade Reforms Context The editorial examines the growing irrelevance and credibility crisis faced by the World Trade Organization (WTO) in the modern global order. Once the anchor of multilateral trade governance,…
1. Pak. shuts airspace, snaps trade relations with India (Source – Front Page, The Hindu, 25 April 2025) Topic: GS2 – International Relations, India-Pakistan Relations Context In retaliation to India’s decisions post the Pahalgam terror attack, Pakistan has escalated its response by shutting its airspace to Indian airliners, halting all trade, and initiating several diplomatic…
Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) are financial entities that provide small loans, savings, insurance, and financial services to low-income individuals excluded from the formal banking system. They primarily serve rural poor, women, and micro-entrepreneurs through models like Self Help Groups (SHGs) and Joint Liability Groups (JLGs), working under RBI regulations. MFIs are central to India’s financial inclusion…
Donors and institutional stakeholders are key enablers of sustainable development, especially in resource-constrained and developing economies like India. They include a wide range of actors such as international development agencies, philanthropic foundations, multilateral institutions, corporate entities, and civil society organizations. These stakeholders not only provide financial resources but also contribute technical expertise, policy guidance, and…
External state and non-state actors significantly influence a nation’s internal security landscape. States may pursue their strategic interests by intervening in other countries through military, economic, or diplomatic means, thereby impacting internal stability. Such interventions can either support governance and peace or destabilize regions by backing insurgent groups or applying coercive measures. Non-state actors like…
Extremism refers to radical ideologies and actions that go against societal norms, often using violence to achieve political or ideological goals. It can emerge from various forms, such as religious, political, or social extremism, and is often driven by grievances like poverty, inequality, and marginalization. The connection between development and extremism is significant. While development…
Security is a critical aspect that ensures the safety and stability of a nation. It goes beyond just protecting the physical borders and extends to various aspects like economic well-being, societal peace, and environmental stability. In the modern context, the complexity of security has increased due to the rise of non-traditional threats, such as cyber-attacks,…
Cooperatives and Self-Help Groups (SHGs) are vital grassroots institutions that contribute significantly to participatory governance and socio-economic development in India. Rooted in principles of collective effort, mutual support, and democratic functioning, they empower marginalized sections of society, especially in rural and semi-urban areas. These community-based models foster self-reliance, encourage savings, and improve access to credit,…
