External debt refer to the Long-term Loans availed by Indian entities, including the government, from non-resident lenders. India generally lacks enough credit in general for the growth of the industry. This is particularly true for even the Corporate sector. Even the government pays a high level of interest on its Sovereign bonds compared to the…
A financial security is a fungible, tradable financial instrument that holds some form of monetary value. It represents an ownership position, creditor relationship, or rights to ownership as specified in a contract. A financial instrument is a set of all such money contracts that can be traded, modified or settled. Financial Securities are a class…
Investment business is done with the expectation of capital appreciation, dividends, and interest earnings. Such investment is critical for the growth of the country as it brings employment and enables the skilling of the workforce. There are several ways through which investment can happen into businesses, that we will learn in this chapter. Direct Investment…
(Source – The Hindu, International Edition – Page No. – 10) Topic: GS2 – International Relations, GS3 – Economy Context The U.S., once the strongest supporter of free trade and globalisation, has announced a major change in its trade policy. As of April 2, the U.S. declared it would now charge a minimum of 10%…
(Source – Indian Express, Section – Explained, Page – 12) Topic: GS3 – Science & Technology Context The Genome India Project (GIP) has successfully completed the first phase of sequencing genomes from 10,000 individuals across 83 diverse population groups in India. With data now ready for use, this initiative opens new frontiers in healthcare, personalised…
1. A global talent hub (Source – Indian Express, Section – The Editorial Page – Page No. – 08) Topic: GS2 – Governance Context India is presented with a strategic opportunity to become a global talent hub amid a growing global labor shortage, by expanding its skilled and semi-skilled workforce abroad. India’s Labour Potential Amid…
1. Harbour phase of Indian Navy’s maiden Initiative ‘Africa-India Key Maritime Engagement exercise’ (Source – https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2121495 ) Topic: GS2 – International Relations Context The Indian Navy and Tanzania co-hosted the maiden Africa-India Key Maritime Engagement (AIKEYME) 2025 at Dar-e-Salaam, Tanzania, inaugurated on April 13, 2025. Analysis of the news: The event witnessed participation from Comoros,…
Q1) What is Coral Bleaching and what are its main causes? Also, evaluate the role of marine protected areas (MPAs) in the conservation of coral reefs. (10 marks, 150 words) ANSWER Coral bleaching is a phenomenon where coral polyps expel the symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) living in their tissues due to environmental stress, primarily rising sea…
1. A Governor’s conduct and a judgment of significance (Source – The Hindu, International Edition – Page No. – 8) Topic: GS2 – Polity and Constitution Context A recent Supreme Court judgment clarified that a Governor is not an independent authority but must follow legal rules and democratic principles. The Court emphasized that the Governor…
